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1. Singleton

   The following can be instanced several times, but all instances share the same state. Alex Martelli

   class Singleton:
       __shared_state = {}
       def __init__(self):
           self.__dict__ = self.__shared_state
   

   The following class returns the same instance for each instanciation.

   class Singleton(object):
       def __new__(type):
           if not '_the_instance' in type.__dict__:
               type._the_instance = object.__new__(type)
           return type._the_instance